How do you say “I” am doing something in Italian
To express this, all verbs end in -o
telefono = I call/ring
salto = I jump/skip
| ITALIAN | ENGLISH | Infinitive | are | Stem | I | I …. |
| aiutare | to help | aiutARE | are | aiut | o | I help |
| ballare | to dance | ballARE | are | ball | o | I dance |
| camminare | to walk | camminARE | are | cammin | o | I walk |
| cantare | to sing | cantARE | are | cant | o | I sing |
| cenare | to have dinner | cenARE | are | cen | o | I have dinner |
| cominciare | to start | cominciARE | are | cominci | o | I start |
| comprare | to buy | comprARE | are | compr | o | I buy |
| cucinare | to cook | cucinARE | are | cucin | o | I cook |
| dimenticare | to forget | dimenticARE | are | dimentic | o | I forget |
| festeggiare | to celebrate | festeggiARE | are | festeggi | o | I celebrate |
| giocare | to play | giocARE | are | gioc | o | I play a sport/game |
| guardare | to watch/ to look at |
guardARE | are | guard | o | I watch/look at |
| guidare | to drive | guidARE | are | guid | o | I drive |
| inventare | to invent | inventARE | are | invent | o | I invent |
| invitare | to invite | invitARE | are | invit | o | I invite |
| lavorare | to work | lavorARE | are | lavor | o | I work |
| mandare | to send | mandARE | are | mand | o | I send |
| mangiare | to eat | mangiARE | are | mangi | o | I eat |
| pagare | to pay | pagARE | are | pag | o | I pay |
| parlare | to speak/talk | parlARE | are | parl | o | I speak/talk |
| pranzare | to have lunch | pranzARE | are | pranz | o | I have lunch |
| regalare | to give as a gift | regalARE | are | regal | o | I give as a gift |
| ricordare | to remember | ricordARE | are | ricord | o | I remember |
| saltare | to jump | saltARE | are | salt | o | I jump |
| salutare | to greet | salutARE | are | salut | o | I greet |
| sollevare | to lift | sollevARE | are | sollev | o | I lift |
| studiare | to study | studiARE | are | studi | o | I study |
| telefonare | To ring/phone | telefonARE | are | telefon | o | I phone |
| In Italian, when learning about verbs, you need to know…. | |
| There exist 2 kinds of verbs
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|
| Regular verbs & Irregular verbs | |
| Those which follow
set patterns |
Those which need
to be learnt off by heart! |
| arrivare invitare | andare avere |
| offendere vendere | essere volere |
| dormire aprire | venire dire |
| There exist 3 FAMILIES
of REGULAR verbs |
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| THOSE ENDING IN
– ARE -ERE -IRE |
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| -are | -ere | -ire |
| arrivare (to arrive) | leggere (to read) | finire (to finish) |
| invitare (to invite) | offendere (to offend) | aprire (to open) |
| inventare (to invent) | vendere ( to sell) | dormire (to sleep) |
| The first tense to learn is the Present tense.
When learning the present tense, you need to keep in mind |
|
| There exist 2 kinds of -IRE verbs
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| Regular -IRE verbs (CC) & Irregular -IRE verbs(ISC) | |
| Those which follow
set patterns, similar to other verbs , identified by 2 consonants: CC followed by -ire : CC+ IRE |
Those which are NOT preceded by a double consonant. They always include the letters “ISC” in 4/6 endings : io/tu/lui/loro (not noi/voi) |
| aprire a + pr + IRE | finire fin + IRE |
| dormire do + rm + IRE | capire cap + IRE |
| sentire se + nt + IRE | preferire prefer + IRE |
| What is the Present tense ?
Subject + am/are/is …..ing. |
|
| There exist 6 boxes of Subject pronouns to learnt
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| What is the subject pronoun?
It emphasises to us WHO is doing the action! ( The verb ending tells us who is doing the action!) |
|
| ➢ Learn the order of the box & what it represents off by heart – as in Italian these subject pronouns are often omitted.
➢ Please note that in English, subject pronouns are always used whilst in Italian, they are optional. |
|
| io = I | noi = we |
| tu = you (singular) | voi = you(plural) |
| Lei ( you) polite/formal/courteous
lui = he lei = she |
loro = they |
| Each family has a set of endings to be learnt off by heart.
They all share the following 6 endings
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|
| These boxes contain WHO is doing the action! | |
| Learn them off by heart in the following order! | By doing so makes learning all verbs easier |
| -o = I am….ing | -iamo = We |
| -i = You are ….ing | -te = You(plural) |
| -a/-e = He/she/it
You(polite/formal) |
-no = They |
| ALL THESE ENDINGS FOLLOW THE STEM.
TO OBTAIN THE STEM OF A VERB CROSS OF THE -ARE/-ERE/-IRE arrivare arriv are vendere vend ere dormire dorm ire preferire prefer ire
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| WRITE IN THE STEM BEFORE EACH ENDING IN THE VERBS BELOW | |||
| -ARE | -ERE | -IRE(CC) | -IRE(ISC) |
| -o -iamo | -o -iamo | -o -iamo | -isco -iamo |
| -i -ate | -i -ete | -i -ite | -isci -ite |
| -a -ano | -e -ono | -e -ono | -isce -iscono |
| Let’s now learn the 4 sets of endings that go with each of the 3 families: -ire has 2 sets of endings!
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| LET’S STUDY THE ENDINGS AND SOME EXAMPLES OF EACH. | |||
| -ARE | -ERE | -IRE(CC) | -IRE(ISC) |
| -o -iamo | -o -iamo | -o -iamo | -isco -iamo |
| -i -ate | -i -ete | -i -ite | -isci -ite |
| -a -ano | -e -ono | -e -ono | -isce -iscono |
| Cross off the -ARE 1st | invit are | to invite | invit-ARE |
| invit o | I am inviting…. | invit iamo | We are inviting. |
| invit i | You are inviting. | invit ate | You all are inviting. |
| invit a | You(polite) are inviting
He/she/it is inviting |
invit ano | They are inviting. |
| Cross off the -ERE 1st | vend ere | to sell | vend-ERE |
| vend o | I am selling.. | vend iamo | We are selling |
| vend i | You are selling. | vend ete | You all are selling |
| vend e | You(polite)are selling
He/she/it is selling |
vend ono | They are selling |
| Cross off the -iRE 1st | dorm ire | to sleep | dorm-IRE (CC) |
| dorm o | I am sleeping | dorm iamo | We are sleeping |
| dorm i | You are sleeping | dorm ite | You all are sleeping |
| dorm e | You(pol)are sleeping
He/she/it is sleeping |
dorm ono | They are sleeping |
| Cross off the -IRE 1st | cap ire | to understand | cap-IRE
noi/voi … no ISC |
| cap isc o | I understand | cap iamo | We understand |
| cap isc i | You understand | cap ite | You all understand |
| cap isc e | You(polite)understand
He/she/it understands |
cap isc ono | They understand |
Please note that both -ire families have the same sets of endings, except the ISC one has these 3 letters added to the I, you(s), he/she/it and they forms only. The we/you(plural) form is regular, normal: no ISC!
| Now that you have learnt the ending off by heart,
you’re ready for some challenging exercises!
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| STUDY THESE ENDINGS ONCE AGAIN, THEN COMPLETE THE VERBS! | |||
| -ARE | -ERE | -IRE(CC) | -IRE(ISC) |
| -o -iamo | -o -iamo | -o -iamo | -isco -iamo |
| -i -ate | -i -ete | -i -ite | -isci -ite |
| -a -ano | -e -ono | -e -ono | -isce -iscono |
| Cross of the -ARE 1st | invit are | to invite | invit-ARE |
| invit _ | I am inviting…. | invit _ _ _ _ | We are inviting. |
| invit _ | You are inviting. | invit _ _ _ | You all are inviting. |
| invit _ | You(polite) are inviting
He/she/it is inviting |
invit _ _ _ | They are inviting. |
| Cross of the -ERE 1st | vend ere | to sell | vend-ERE |
| vend _ | I am selling.. | vend _ _ _ _ | We are selling |
| vend _ | You are selling. | vend _ _ _ | You all are selling |
| vend _ | You(polite)are selling
He/she/it is selling |
vend _ _ _ | They are selling |
| Cross of the -iRE 1st | dorm ire | to sleep | dorm-IRE (CC) |
| dorm _ | I am sleeping | dorm _ _ _ _ | We are sleeping |
| dorm _ | You are sleeping | dorm _ _ _ | You all are sleeping |
| dorm _ | You(pol)are sleeping
He/she/it is sleeping |
dorm _ _ _ | They are sleeping |
| Cross of the -IRE 1st | cap ire | to understand | cap-IRE |
| cap isc _ | I understand | cap _ _ _ _ | We understand |
| cap isc _ | You understand | cap _ _ _ | You all understand |
| cap isc _ | You(polite)understand
He/she/it understands |
cap isc _ _ _ | They understand |